Understanding Anxiety in Young People
Anxiety is an emotion that can be normal and sometimes even protective in children and adolescents. It initially helps individuals adapt to new or stressful situations.
Its intensity can be influenced by various factors, such as a specific context, a general medical condition, the use of certain substances, or certain medications. It may also be related to personality traits or other developmental characteristics.
In some cases, significant or persistent anxiety may suggest the presence of an anxiety disorder. Although often internalized, anxiety disorders are not benign and can affect a child’s development, well-being, and daily functioning.
Anxiety Disorders in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Anxiety disorders are mainly characterized by specific or generalized fears and worries that result in distress and a significant impact on daily functioning.
The different anxiety disorders classified in the DSM-5 are primarily distinguished by the nature of the associated worries.
Signs and Possible Manifestations
Anxiety can present in various ways, sometimes indirectly. When a child or adolescent is confronted with a fear or worry, they may experience physical discomfort and engage in behaviours aimed at reducing or avoiding anxiety.
Possible manifestations include:
- Increased need for reassurance from caregivers or those around them
- Excessive worries about the health or safety of loved ones, or adult-related concerns such as family finances
- Difficulty falling asleep or night awakenings, sometimes requiring a parent’s presence
- Physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, shortness of breath, nausea, or dizziness
- Difficulty giving oral presentations or speaking in public
- Avoidance of certain places or activitie
These manifestations may vary depending on the child’s age and developmental stage.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Children
Obsessive-compulsive disorders were previously included under anxiety disorders but are now classified as a separate category in the DSM-5.
Nevertheless, anxiety remains a key component of OCD. Individuals affected report intrusive thoughts or fears that lead them to engage in various behaviours or rituals in an attempt to “neutralize” these thoughts or prevent their feared outcomes.
For example, a young person may repeatedly ask questions or say certain phrases, or develop checking or cleanliness rituals.
The Importance of Assessment
It is not always easy to determine whether anxiety symptoms are due to a formal anxiety disorder or other factors.
A psychiatric evaluation can help to:
- Better understand the symptoms
- Identify underlying issues and their impact
- Clarify the medical diagnosis
- Develop a treatment plan
- Guide appropriate interventions
A Collaborative Approach Focused on the Child and Family
In our child and adolescent psychiatry service, the goal is to develop a treatment plan in collaboration with the child or adolescent, their family, and other healthcare professionals when appropriate, in order to help the child overcome the condition and its consequences.
When to Seek Consultation ?
If your child’s anxiety:
- Persists over time
- Appears disproportionate to their age
- Interferes with daily, school, or family life
Our professionals are here to support you and your child toward appropriate solutions that promote well-being and healthy development.
